Coke oven construction



July 3, 1962 c. OTTO 3,

COKE OVEN CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan. 3, 1961 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG. I.

INVENTOR CARL OTTO MXAM ATTORNEYS.

3,042,589 Patented July 3, 1962 3,042,589 COKE OVEN CONSTRUCTION CarlOtto, 8 The Beaehway, Manhasset, N.Y. Filed Jan. 3, 1961, Ser. No.80,261 7 Claims. (Cl. 202139) This invention relates to an improved cokeoven construction. More particularly, this invention relates to a cokeoven structure comprising coking chambers alternating with heatingwalls, wherein the coking chambers are each variably tapered, with thetaper at the pusher side of the chamber greater than the taper at thecoke side of the chamber.

Modern regenerative coke oven chambers are typically about 40 to 43 feetin length, with the coking chamber running the full width of the batteryof which they are part. Traditionally, the coking chamber is about 12 to14 feet high and 18 inches wide, with a constant taper horn one end ofchamber to the other. This taper is generally from about 1.5 to 4 inchesover the length of the chamber, with the narrowest width at the pusherside and the widest width at the coke side. Accordingly, after thecoking is completed and the oven is pushed, the taper facilitates thepushing of the coke from the chamber through the wider coke side.

The pushing of the coke is generally carried out by a powerful pushermachine equipped with a large ram. The ram, which actually pushes thecoke out of the oven, has a head with a cross-sectional area justslightly less than that of the pusher side (narrow side) of the oven.The center line of the ram head is brought approximately in line withthe center line of the oven chamber, and the ram head is graduallybrought to bear upon the coke face, and pressure is applied. The coke isthus under greatest compression at the pusher side, and therefore exertsa higher compressive force at the side walls of the coking chamber atthe pusher side than on the side walls of the coking chamber at the cokeside. The design of coke ovens heretofore, wherein the taper is constantthroughout the length of the coking chamber, has failed to take accountof this differential in pressure transmission, so that frequentlyconsiderable power requirements from the pusher are needed in order toassure satisfactory removal of the coke from the chamber.

. It is therefore an object of this invention to provide an improvedcoke oven construction whereby the coke may be more easily removed fromthe oven chamber than was heretofore possible.

Another object is to provide an improved coke oven construction wherebythe overall volume for a given coking chamber is increased, therebyresulting in an increased coking capacity.

Additional objects, characteristics and features of this invention willbecome apparent from the following description taken in connection withthe accompanying illustrative drawings.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a broken transverse sectional view of a horizontal regnerativeby-product coke oven battery;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line 2-2 in FIG. 1; and

FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, and 3E, when placed bottom to top with FIG. 3A atthe top illustrate together a horizontal sectional view of a cokingchamber in enlarged scale.

Referring now to the drawings in detail, FIG. 1 shows a byproduct cokeoven generally designated by the numeral 10. The oven compriseshorizontally disposed coking chambers 1'2 alternating with heating walls14. These heating walls may be designed to conform to any of the usualconstructions and generally will comprise a pair of spaced apartrefractory brick liners 16 with flues 18 therebetween, the flues beingseparated and partially defined by binders 20.

The lines may be arranged in any standard fashion so as to provide atwo-divided oven, a four-divided oven, a.

hairpin fiue oven or a cross over oven, the particular arrangementhaving no direct bearing on the invention herein. Moreover, a waste heatoven would also benefit from this invention as does the regenerativeoven illustrated herein. The regenerative oven shown includes aplurality of spaced apart regenerators 22 disposed below the deck 24-for preheating combustion air supplied thereto from sole channels 26when air moves upwardly through the regenerator and for absorbing wasteheat from the combustion gases when said gases move downwardly throughthe regenerators. It should also be understood that the presentinvention is adapted to operate with lean gas ovens and underjet ovensas Well as with the gun flue oven illustrated. In this connection gunflues 27 which are connected to nozzles 28 in the bottoms of flues 18 bymeans of passages 29 supply rich gas to said fines when the fines serveas up fines, that is when gas and air move upwardly therethrough and,during alternate periods, when products of combustion move downwardlythrough said flue 18 to render said flue a down flue, the gas supplyfrom the gun flue 27 is turned ofi.

My invention resides in the design of the coking chamber 12, and is bestunderstood by reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. In accordance with one aspectof my invention, a coking chamber 12 is provided that is capable ofholding a greater volume of charged coal than was heretofore possible,and at the same time this chamber facilitates easier removal of thefinished coke from the chamber. I have found that if, instead ofconstructing a coking chamber of constant taper of say four inches overthe length of the chamber, a chamber having a steeper taper at thepusher side than at the coking side is constructed, the finished cokecharge may be pushed from the chamber much more easily and with lesspower requirements than would be needed for a comparableconstant-tapered chamber.

In the United States the conventional length of a coke oven chamber isabout 40 feet, and the steepest taper used is generally about fourinches over the 40 feet. I have found that an oven of 50 feet in lengthcan be constructed and that the chamber can be easily pushed eventhrough the total taper over the 50 foot length is only four inches.Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, I have designed a special cokingchamber 12, and this chamber can be thought of as divided into five 10foot zones. The first zone 30 adjacent the door opening 31 through whichthe pusher enters the chamber is given a steep taper, for instance 1%inches; the second zone 32, is given a less steep taper of, forinstance, 1 inch; the third zone 34, a slightly smaller taper of, forinstance, inch; the fourth zone 36, only, for instance, a /2 inch taper;and the fifth zone 38, a /2 inch taper. Thus, for a coking chamberhaving a 15 inch width at the pusher side and a 19 inch width at thecoke side, each 10 foot length would have dimensions as fol lows:

zone of the coking chamber, where the compressive forces (resulting fromthe pusher) are greatest, permits the development of a greater pressurecomponent in the direction of the coke side than would be developed if aless steep taper (uni-form over the entire length) were used, so thatthere is a corresponding decrease in the amount of force required fromthe pusher in order to push the oven.

In addition, it will be noted that the average width of this cokingchamber is about 17.4 inches, whereas the average width of a uniformlytapered coking chamber having a width of 15 inches at the pusher sideand 19 inches at the coke side is only 17 inches. Accordingly, thecapacity of the variably tapered chamber is about 2.5 percent greaterthan that of the usual constant-tapered chamber.

Another reason that a variable taper steeper at the pusher end than atthe coke side of the chamber is so effective is that when a coke chamberwith a width of less than about 16 inches is filled with coal, the coal(when pushed) seems to exert a greater pressure upon the side walls thanthe pressure that would be exerted where the width of the chamber isgreater than 16 inches. That is, with a width of greater than 16 inchesthere is a cushioning effect at the center portion of the chamber, sothat upon pressure by the pusher, this full pressure is not trans mittedagainst the side walls because part of it is absorbed by this centralcushioning effect. Thus, the desirability of a steeper taper at thenarrower width portion of the coking chamber, to thereby provide agreater pressure component in the direction of the coke side of thechamber.

Of course, my invention is applicable to coking chambers wherein thetotal taper over the length of the chamber is either less than orgreater than four inches, the major requirement being that the taper atthe pusher side of the chamber be greater than that at the coking side.

While the invention has been described with respect to a regenerativegun flue coke oven, it will be apparent that it is also applicable toother types of coke ovens as well.

It will be noted that the invention is not limited to coke oven chambershaving a length of 50 feet, but would also be applicable to chambers ofsomewhat lesser or greater lengths although the range of lengths inwhich this invention is presently advantageous appears to be betweenabout 40 feet and about 50 feet. Likewise, there is nothing criticalabout the use of five zones as described herein, and a larger or smallernumber of zones, e.g. even a six zone or a two zone chamber would alsobe suitable, again provided that the zone (or zones) near the pusher endof the chamber have a steeper taper than the zone (or zones) near theend. It is preferred that the average taper throughout the length of thecoking chamber be in the range of .7 to 1 inch per feet and thepreferred degree of difference between the tapers at the pusher and cokesides of the coking chamber be about inch per 10 feet.

While I have herein shown and described the preferred form of thisinvention and have suggested various modifications therein, it will beunderstood that other changes and modifications may be made thereinwithin the scope of the appended claims without departing from thespirit and scope of this invention.

What I claim is:

1. A coke oven battery comprising a plurality of spaced apart cokingchambers and heating walls therebetween, each of said coking chambersbeing variably tapered over the length of the chamber and having asteeper taper at the pusher side of said chamber than at the coke sideof said chamber.

2. The coke oven battery of claim 1 wherein the average taper throughoutthe overall length of said coking chamber is about one inch for everyten feet of length.

3. A coke oven battery comprising a plurality of spaced apart cokingchambers with heating walls disposed therebetween, each of said cokingchambers being between about 40 and 50 feet in length, 12 to 14 feet inheight, and being about 19 inches wide at the coke side and 15 inches atthe pusher side, each coking chamber being variably tapered with thetaper at the pusher side being greater than the taper at the coke side.

4. The coke oven structure of claim 3 wherein the taper over the firstten feet of the pusher side is about 1 /4 inches and the taper over thefirst ten feet of the coke side is about /2 inch, with the taper of theintermediate portion of the chamber varying between about 1inch per tenfeet of length of coking chamber and about /2 inch per ten feet oflength of coking chamber and gradually decreasing over the length of thechamber as it extends from the pushing side to the coke side.

5. A coke oven battery comprising a plurality of spaced apart cokingchambers with heating walls disposed therebetween, each of said cokingchambers being between about 40 and 50 feet in length, and being ofnominal 18 inch width, each coking chamber being variably tapered withthe taper at the pusher side being about /4 inch per 10 feet greaterthan the taper at the coke side.

6. A coke oven battery comprising a plurality of spaced apart cokingchambers and heating walls therebetween, at least one of said cokingchambers being variably tapered over the length of the chamber andhaving a steeper taper at the pusher side of said chamber than at thecoke side of said chamber.

7. A coke oven battery comprising a plurality of spaced apart cokingchambers with heating walls disposed therebetween, each of said cokingchambers being between about 40 and 50 feet in length, '12 to 14 feet inheight, and being about 19 inches wide at the coke side and '15 inchesat the pusher side, at least one of said coking chambers being variablytapered with the taper at the pusher side being greater than the taperat the coke side.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,599,075 Carpenter Mar. 30, 1956

1. A COKE OVEN BATTERY COMPRISING A PLURALITY OF SPACED APART COKINGCHAMBERS AND HEATING WALLS THEREBETWEEN. EACH OF SAID COKING CHAMBERSBEING VARIABLY TAPERED OVER THE LENGTH OF THE CHAMBER AND HAVING ASTEEPER TAPER AT THE PUSHER SIDE OF SAID CHAMBER THAN AT THE COKE SIDEOF SAID CHAMBER.